Semiconductors are believed to be a special kind of chemical elements. This class was discovered in early 1980's but there were no required technologies to carry on the further researches. The research of semiconductors was continued just in the 1920's. The first successful research was carried out by the Russian physicists in 1923. They proved that semiconductors may be used to generate fluctuations. There was no possibility to create some unique devices as diodes. Just in the beginning of the 60's with the invention of transistors in 1949 the broad use of crystal detectors began. Since then many people all over the world become interested in such type of matter as semiconductors.
Many scientists perform a great deal of experiments just to gain more knowledge about such characteristic of semiconductors as stimulated emission. The first laser device was developed with utilizing of semiconductors. The first version was based on p - n barriers, the latest ones - on heterojunction.
In case you require some hi-tech devices as for example diodes, that is not a trouble, actually. There are a lot of producers that propose such. Nowadays it is not possible to perform any researches without some modern technologies which are based on usage of semiconductors.
The main reason why semiconductors are believed to be the detached class is that they have a conductivity which is between the conductivities of metals and isolators. There are several substances that are mainly utilized to create the semiconductor devices. They are germanium, selenium, silicon, etc.
Physicists haven't been interested in semiconductors for quite a long period of time. The first man that decided to gain more knowledge about semiconductors was Abram Ioffe - Russian scientist. He noticed that this wonderful sort of matter has some special characteristics and described how they can be used. Every semiconductor device has such basic features as electron and hole conduction. It is related to the chemical mixture of the used admixtures. The admixtures affect considerably on the electron conduction of the semiconductors.
Almost every sphere of newest technologies means usage of semiconductors. Diodes, transistors and thyristors are the most frequently used systems. The broad application of semiconductors began not so long ago but nowadays they are truly broadly used. There are devices based on semiconductors that may convert light and heat energy into electric power and vice versa. Heat and cold can be produced by some types of semiconductors. Such systems as radio receivers, atomic batteries, quantum generator, microprocessors etc include semiconductors. Almost every engineer that works in company related to electricity should know how important the fuses are. In case we match devices operating on semiconductors and tube systems we can realize that semiconductors are considerably smaller and lighter. The analogue systems are not equal in case we speak about their reliability and power. Tube falls behind.
There are many different devices today, that considerably facilitate our life and all these inventions appear just thanks to the semiconductor systems.
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